1. Control Drilling Pressure and Rotating Speed

• Hard rock formations: Adopt low rotating speed (10-20rpm) plus high pressure (adjusted according to the rig model) to reduce cone bouncing and impact damage.

• Soft rock or soil formations: Adopt high rotating speed (20-30rpm) plus low pressure to avoid tooth deformation caused by excessive extrusion.

     2.  Avoid Overloading and Sudden Stop

• Maintain a uniform speed during drilling to prevent cone fracture due to sudden loading or unloading.

• When encountering hard obstacles, first conduct a test with light pressure and slow rotation, and avoid forced crushing.

• Clean the sludge and rock debris on the cone surface after each operation to prevent impurities from getting stuck in bearings or between teeth.

• Lift the drill to clean rock debris at regular intervals to prevent repeated grinding.

• Inspect the cone tooth height, tooth pitch and bearing clearance daily; replace the cone if the tooth wear exceeds 30%.

• Use high-quality slurry (density: 1.1-1.3g/cm³, viscosity: 20-30s) to reduce the scouring of rock debris on the cone.

• Ensure the normal operation of the slurry circulation system to lower the drilling temperature (it is recommended to control it below 60℃).

     6.   Pre-treat complex formations with auger drill bits or pick bits to reduce the direct impact on cone bits.

• Estimate the cone service life based on historical data (usually 50-200 hours); replace it in advance when it reaches 80% of its service life to avoid sudden fracture.

• Store spare cones properly to prevent rusting, collision or deformation.

• Regularly organize operators to learn cone maintenance knowledge and assess their ability to control drilling parameters.

• Establish a reward and punishment system, and hold those accountable for cone damage caused by improper operation.